ANOMALIES ASSOCIATED WITH ECTOPIA CORDIS 

 

Ref

MA
(wks)

Anomalies

Omphalocele

Karyotype

Outcome

Cardiac

Extracardiac

(1)
 
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
 
(5)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
(16)

28
 
32
18
31
33
25
23
23
18
19
36
29
34
 
28
-
28
28
42
33
23
32
21
15
19
18
14
12
28

TOF
 
PFO
TOF, ASD
Arrhythmia
VSD
TOF
TOF
ASD, VSD
TOF
VSD
VSD, PS
Unknown
TGV, VSD
 
VSD
Nil
VSD
Nil
ASD, PDA
VSD, PS
DORV
Unknown
ASD, VSD
Nil
DORV
VSD
2 chambers
Unknown
VSD

Cephalocele
Cleft palate
Kyphoscoliosis
Nil
Nuchal edema
Ascites
Nil
Nil
Clinodactyly
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Hydrocephalus
Cleft palate
Hydrothorax
Facial defect
Club foot
Nil
Micropthalmia
Nil
Esophageal atresia
Unknown
Kyphoscoliosis
Nil
Nil
Nil
Amniotic bands
Cystic hygroma
Nil

Yes
 
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Gastroschisis
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
 
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

47,XX +18
 
46,XY
46,XY
47,XX +18
46,XX
46,XX
46,XX
46,XX
46,XY
46,XY
46,XY
Unknown
46,XY
 
46,XX
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
46,XY
46,XY
46,XX
47,XX +18
Unknown
46,XX
Unknown
46,XY
46,XX

Died
 
Died
Died
IUD
Died
TOP
TOP
TOP
TOP
TOP
Died
Died
Died
 
Died
Died
IUD
Died
Died
Died
TOP
IUD
TOP
TOP
Died
Died
TOP
TOP
IUD

KEY:
TOF - Tetralogy of Fallot; ASD - Atrial septal defect; VSD - Ventricular septal defect; PS - Pulmonary stenosis; TGV - Transposition of the Great Vessels; PDA - Patent ductus arteriosis; DORV - Double outlet right ventricle; TOP - Termination of pregnancy; IUD - Intrauterine demise.
 

 

 

REFERENCES

  1. Chidini A, Sirtori M, Romero R et.al. Prenatal diagnosis of pentalogy of Cantrell. J Ultrasound Med 1988;7:567-572.
  2. Harrison MR, Filly RA, Stanger P et.al. Prenatal diagnosis and management of omphalocele and ectopia cordis. J Pediatr Surg 1982;17:64-66.
  3. Mercer LJ, Petres RE, Smeltzer JS. Ultrasonic diagnosis of ectopia cordis. Obstet Gynecol 1983;61:523-525.
  4. Wicks JD, Levine MD, Mettler FA. Intrauterine sonography of thoracic ectopia cordis. Am J Radiol 1983;137:619-621.
  5. Sundkvist L. Thoracoabdominal ectopia cordis in a twin. Scan J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1983;17:191-195.
  6. Haynor DR, Shuman WP, Brewer DK et.al. Imaging of fetal ectopia cordia: roles of sonography and computed tomography J Ultrasound Med 1984;3:25-27.
  7. Todros T, Presbiteo P, Montemurro D et.al. J Ultrasound Med 1984;3:429-431.
  8. Kragt H, Aarnoudse JG, Meyboom EJ et.al. Prenatal ultrasonic diagnosis and management of ectopia cordis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Repro Biol 1985;20:177-180.
  9. Calisti A, Manzoni C, Perelli L. The fetus with abdominal wall defect: management and outcome. J Perinat Med 1987;15:105-111.
  10. Abu-Yousef MM, Wray AB, Williamson RA et.al. Antenatal ultrasound diagnosis of variant of pentalogy of Cantrell. J Ultrasound Med 1987;6:535-538.
  11. Klingensmith WC, Cioffi-Ragan DT, Harvey DE. Diagnosis of ectopia cordis in the second trimester. J Clin Ultrasound 1988;16:204-206.
  12. Leca F, Thiber M, Khoury W et.al. Extrathoracic heart: report of two cases and review of the literature. Int J Cardiol 1989;22:221-228.
  13. Achiron R, Schimmel M, Farber B et.al. Prenatal sonographic diagnosis and perinatal management of ectopia cordis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1991;1:431-434.
  14. Fleming AD, Vintzileos AM, Rodis JF et.al. Diagnosis of fetal ectopia cordis by transvaginal ultrasound. J Ultrasound Med 1991;10:413-415.
  15. Bennet TL, Burlbaw J, Drake CK et.al. Diagnosis of ectopia cordis at 12 weeks gestation using transabdominal ultrasonography with color flow doppler. J Ultrasound Med 1991;10:695-696.
  16. Suchet IB. Unpublished data, 1992.